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Key
Events and Causes of the War of 1812
British
impress American sailors (1803-1812): High seas
British captains took over 10,000 American citizens to man ships. Chesapeake
-Leopard fight (June 1807):
3 miles off Norfolk, Virginia Chesapeake fired on
by Leopard after refusing to be boarded. 3 Americans killed, 18 wounded. Embargo
Act (December 1807):
Washington, D.C. Jefferson's attempt at "peaceful
coercion" resulted in economic disaster for merchants. War
Hawks elected to Congress (1810)
U.S. Calhoun, Clay, others bothered by insults to
U.S. and Indian presence Battle
of Tippecanoe (1811)
Ohio River Valley Tecumseh's brother (the Prophet)
led attack on Harrison's army of 1000. Congress
declares "Mr. Madison's War" (June 18, 1812)
Washington, D.C. Pushed
by War Hawks, Madison asked for declaration. All Federalists oppose it. British
capture Ft. Mackinac (August 16, 1812) Michigan
U.S. lost fort as British invade American territory. Invasion
attempts of Canada (1812)
U.S. Canadian
border 3 attempts of U.S. to invade Canada all fail. Constitution
vs. Guerriere (1812)
Atlantic Ocean Victory by U.S. ship ("Old Ironsides").
Other privateers captured or burned British ships. Battle
of Frenchtown January (1813)
Michigan Kentucky troops repelled by British and
Indians in bloody fighting. American survivors killed in Raisin River Massacre.
Battle
of York (Toronto) (April 1813)Toronto,
Canada U.S. troops took
control of Great Lakes, burn York. This action later returned by British burning
of Washington, D.C. Battle
of Lake Erie September 1813
Put-in-Bay British naval attack repulsed by Capt.
Perry. Battle
of Thames October 1813 Ontario,
Canada Tecumseh killed
in U.S. victory. NW Indians weakened by battle. Battle
of Horseshoe Bend March 1814
Mississippi Territory Andrew Jackson defeated Creek
Indians. British
plan 3-part invasion of U.S.: Chesapeake Bay, Lake Champlain, & mouth of Mississippi
River 1814 Washington,
D.C. British burned capital's buildings, but were turned back at Baltimore
harbor. Battle
of Plattsburgh September 1814
Lake Champlain U.S. secured northern border with
victory over larger British force. Hartford
Convention December 15,1814
Hartford, Connecticut Group of Federalists discussed
secession, propose 7 amendments to protect influence of Northeast states. Treaty
of Ghent December 24, 1814
Ghent, Belgium British and American diplomats agreed
on status quo ante bellum Battle of New Orleans January 1815 New Orleans Jackson's forces defeated British. 700 British killed, 1400 wounded. U.S. losses: 8 killed, 13 wounded
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